EM FORCES GOALS

Okaaay, HELLO PEOPLE! (:
As we are finishing the chapter, we got a new assessment: 
WRITE A BLOGPOST EXPLAINING THE GOALS FROM 9 TO 21! 
This chapter was quite difficult for me, but I will try my best to explain them! (;So, here we gooooo! :D

EM9. I can describe the properties and interactions of magnets.

First, the definition of MAGNETS: magnet is any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron and other materials. Also, they are not new things! They existed even more than 2000 years ago. People living in the ancient Greet city of Magnesia, which is Turkey these days, found an unusual kind of rock! and the rock contained a mineral called magnetite. As you can see, the word 'magnetite' and 'magnet' are both from the name 'Magnesia'.

Here are some properties of Magnet.
1. Magnets attract iron and materials that contain iron. 
2. Magnets attract or repel other magnets.
3. One part of a magnet will always point north when allowed to swing freely.

Properties of magnets #1

Properties of magnets #2

And further explain for property #2, Magnetic poles that are unlike attract each other, and magnetic poles that are alike repel each other. 

Properties of magnets #3

EM10. I can describe how the magnetic domains are arranged in a magnetic/non-magnetic material.

So, what is 'Magnetic Domain'? Is is a grouping of atoms that have their magnetic fields aligned. Also, the domain acts like a bar magnet with a north and south pole.
However, the direction in which the domains point determines if the material is magnetized or not magnetized. Okay, this picture will help you with understanding.

*Magnetized : pointing the same direction
*Not magnetized: pointing random directions

In a magnetized material, all or most of the magnetic domains are arranged in the same direction.

In other words, we can say that the magnetic fields of the domains are aligned!

EM11. I can explain the connection between electricity and magnetism (electromagnetism).

Okay! now the connection between electricity and magnetism! which is......... ELECTROMAGNETISM!
electromagnetism is the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
hmm, hard to understand? then lets say, 'wherever there is electricity, there is magnetism.' An electric current produces a magnetic field! (:


EM12. I can outline the difference between DC/AC current and its uses

Now, what is DC and AC? hmm well, DC is Direct Current, and AC is Alternating Current.
so, what's the difference between two of them?
The charges may move (or flow) in one direction only, or they may alternate directions in an induced current. The direction depends on direction of wire or magnets moving.
DC (Direct current): charges that flow in one direction only
AC (Alternating current): charges that move back and forth, can be easily raised or lowed.

EM13. I can explain why the Earth behaves like a magnet and the consequences of it.


The Earth has a magnetic field surrounding it and two magnetic poles, just like a bar magnet.
and this explains why a compass works! (: compass is a device that has a magnetized needle that spins freely. The needle of compass usually points north. The earth has magnetic properties, and they are important to some animals, because some animals, like birds and turtles can feel the earth's magnetic field, being contributed in their navigation during the migration.

EM14. I can explain the importance of grounding wires and using fuses/circuit breakers.

The grounding wires are very important for our safety, because they actually keep the electricity from the actual wire so we don't get shocked. They block the way of electricity so the electricity can't reach to our hands. Also, the fuses and circuit breakers do the same thing, helping us to use electricity safely, like blocking the electricity when the amount of it goes too high.

EM15. I can explain how an electromagnet works and cite applications for them.

An electromagnet is A magnet, but it is different from other magnets because it is caused by electricity. If there is a conductor, and the electric current produces the magnetic field which makes the conductor having a magnetic properties. And the examples of the electromagnet is a lifting magnet, which makes our life easier because we can lift super heavy metal without much force, and also the train that flies with magnetism.

EM16. I can explain how a simple motor works (parts and function).


There are some names of the part of the simple motor, and here are the explanation about how they works. (:

 First, the electrons from the negative side of the battery, (we can also say that it's voltage source) come out and flow split ring commutator, and then go through the armature, follows the armature and come out from the other side of the commutator, and go back in to the battery.
The armature, which is going to rotate and move since the commutator is attatched to the battery, and the electrons have the flow, so which will try to align to the magnet.
EM17. I can describe how a generator and a transformer work.
An electric generator, which is a divice that transforms mechanical energy to electrical energy. And there are AC generator, and DC generator, but there are no big difference exept that AC generator has the slip ring, instead of commutator. Also, in a generator, the armature rotates when a current in induced. The current leaves the generator through the brushes, and the crank is used to rotate the armature. Finally, the split ring is attached to the ends of the armature.EM18. I can explain the importance of transformers to power grids.
Before explaining this goal, there is a formula that we have to know, which is 'Power = Voltage x Current' , and this formula explains us that the current to be sent efficiently the voltage has to be very high because the lower the current is the less energy lost because when the current increases the temperature also increases.EM19. I can explain methods of power production and distribution.
Power distribution and production comes in many ways, power plants, wind energy, water, steam, fossil fuels and solar energy and etc. The energy that comes to our homes comes from a generator that generates power, and the way it generates power is that it usually has a turbine that rotates and makes the generator work, the way this turbine turns is or by burns something, or weather, or wind, or steam. When the turbine rotates the generator works and transforms mechanical energy into electrical energy.EM20. I can describe the differences of 110v/220v and main advantages and disadvantages of each.
The disadvantages of the 110v is that we need more current because we decreased the voltage, which means that we need more conductor. However, the advantage of the 220v is that we don't need to use bunch of conductors because we already have high voltage and the current is decreased.
EM21. I can describe the advantages and disadvantages of electrical energy.
Electric energy is green, and clean so we don't pollute and it's very fast. However the disadvantage of the electric energy is that it's not safe because it might cause a fire because of using it too much, or a shock, which might cause death.

Vacation is OVER! back to school... D:

Our first mission for the E-Portfolio, BLOG POST! for this semester was to write about our first two weeks at school! (: From this semester, we've started to learn about electricity, which is really interesting, and have some funny experiments! Also, we learned about eight goals, which was on our awesome green&blue paper and also yellow goal sheet. 

However, before all of these, on the very first day, we watched a video on Youtube, and it was about Yoda (the...small green creature...) and .....  the Star-wars guy(I don't know his name but.. yeah). 

This is the video we watched. 

We discussed after watching this video (and Yoda was so cute! xD) what can be the lesson from this video. And Mrs. Silva gave us some awesome lessons, and also Yoda and our classmates did, :P .. that we have to do our best, and try try try A LOT and to NEVER GIVE UP! (: At the beginning of last semester, we watched a video of a doctor, who tried many times and finally approved his goal. And also this semester, we had the same message to never forget, during the whole year, furthermore, our life. 

___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.

Anyways, back to the story about what we did... We did some experience related to magnetic, to understand the general idea of the magnetism. And this is really similar to what we did. 

photo source : http://science.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet2.htm

We made this Electromagnet with battery, nail, wire, tape, and some paper clips. 

The wire and battery connected make an electric current pass around the nail and changed the nail's properties. I worked with Bruno A. and Luciana. I put the wire around the nail to make the spiral shape, and while I was doing it, Bruno and Luci took the cover off of the wire, so that we and connect the wire to the battery. Super faster than other groups, our electromagnet worked for the first group. However, to improve the electromagnet, we've put some tape to hold the wire still, but it makes the situation worse. It was working when we were holding the wire by ourselves, but it suddenly didn't work when we putted the tape around the nail and the battery. 

But not only for that problem, I think the way how we rolled the wire around the nail was the problem also. At first, it was really tight, but from third, and fourth time, the wire around the nail was kind of loose than before. I think that is one of the cause of the fail. And also I thought about how did it work, and after learning 8 topics, (I will talk about it very soon), I knew that it attracts the paper clips because the current flowing through the battery also moves through the wire, since they are connected. 

___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.

And also we learned the 8 goals from the yellow Goal sheet, which is...

EM1. I can explain how electric charges interact.

EM2. I can give examples of how charges can be transferred between materials and explain them.

EM3. I can explain how an electric current is produced.

EM4. I can compare conductors with insulators.

EM5. I can explain how resistance affects current.

EM6. I can use Ohm's law to calculate resistance, current or voltage.

EM7. I can build series and parallel circuits and describe its parts.

EM8. I can explain the relationship between power, voltage and current.

And every each group got one topic to present, and our group; Bruno A., Luciana, got the goal number 3. We looked at the book and searched some, but only thing there was the information saying that "the electric current is a continuous flow of the electrons", so we decided to make an poster about the electrons moving around the wire and make the presentation mostly about the movement of the current. 

this is our poster! 

we tried to explain how the electrons move in the wire,(which is a current), with the arrows that shows the direction of the movement! (:

and I will briefly explain about the goals ↓

EM1. I can explain how electric charges interact.

Unlike poles - attract

Like poles - repel

EM2. I can give examples of how charges can be transferred between materials and explain them.

Material steal the electrons from one another!

however, not every materials have ability to steal electrons from one another..

3 types to charge the object: Charging by... 

1. Friction : by rubbing

2. Conduction : by touching

3. Induction : by second object that creates an electric field.

EM3. I can explain how an electric current is produced.

Electric current is the continuous flow of electric charges through the material. 

Unit for the electric current is A, which is called ampere. 

EM4. I can compare conductors with insulators.

conductors :

 -transfer electric charge well.

-A conductor's electron is bound loosely and are able to move throughout the conductor.

insulators :

- an insulator doesn't transfer electric charge well.

- They are used to stop the flow of charges.

EM5. I can explain how resistance affects current.

Resistance ↑ ... Current ↓

Factors that determine resistance :

-material of the wire (if the meterial is like iron, the resistance decreases, but if it's like wood, the resistance increases.)

-the length of the wire (if the length of the wire increase, the resistacne decrease. if the length of the wire decrease, the resistance increase.)

-the diameter of the wire (if the diameter of the wire decrease, the resistance increase. if the diameter of the wire increase, the resistance decrease.)

-temperature (if the temperature increase, the resistance decrease. if the temperature decrease, the resistance increase.)

EM6. I can use Ohm's law to calculate resistance, current or voltage.

R = V / C

EM7. I can build series and parallel circuits and describe its parts.

Series circuit : only one path

Parallel circuit: : several paths

+ need Energy source, resistor, and switch to make a circuit.

EM8. I can explain the relationship between power, voltage and current.

Power = Voltage x Current

If the voltage and current increase, power also increases.

___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.___.

And also, we had a PROJECT to make an simple motor. 

I researched on the internet (Google, Youtube, and even in Korean portal site..) and found some of the easiest simple motors. And I found really interesting video with the title "World simplest Motor" (video down there..! :D )and I thought that it would be great.

 However some of my friends who already did this experiment before told me that it has low possibility to move it. So I decided to do the motor which was really understandable to me. And then........ I DID IT! (:  

It worked easily, and I think it's because I made the copper wire very light and exactly circular. 

So, this is the video of my motor, and me (: haha 

As you can see at 00:10, this motor is only moving when the wire is connected to the battery. At 00:10, I made the wire NOT connected to the battery, and you can see that the movement of the copper wire, which was moving continuously just stopped :D 

and I'm not sure why the motor spinned, but I think it's because the magnet under the copper wire had a magnetic field, and that affected the wire, because of the character that positive and negative charge attracts each other. 

self reflection : it was quite hard to make a motor, because sometimes it didn't work, and also the wire on the other wire was keep falling down, so I couldn't make the wire stay on the top of it, so it was one of the difficulties. However, I think that i could do it because my friend and mom helped me with making the motor, and they told me the skills to be more successful. (;

+

If you want to make the motor, don't worry about failing, and just try it! (: 

It's worthy to do it for understanding the motor, and as we talked about UP THERE....

YODA: NEVER GIVE UP! 

QUIZ! (:

Guys! Try this quiz, and I will send you the score! (:
hope you guys enjoy it.